Onscreen from the age of five, American child actor Raymond Lee became a special favorite of Charles Chaplin who cast him as the bully who gives Jackie Coogan a black eye in The Kid (1921) and as the child applauding his sermon in The Pilgrim (1923). Lee also appeared as one of the Fox "Sunshine Kiddies" but left films as a young teenager in 1927. Lee later became a noted film historian who wrote a column of "movie memories" for the San Fernando Valley Times, in addition to penning such books as Not So Dumb: Animals in the Movies and The Films of Mary Pickford. ~ Hans J. Wollstein, All Movie Guide